DOCUMENTATlON

1.  Generally, indicate the source in parentheses giving the author's name, followed by the relevant page number:

                        (Golding 223)

If, however, the author's name is given in the text of your paper, a page number is sufficient (see example below). The parenthetical reference is placed immediately following the quotation.

            2.  If there is more than one source by the same author, use abbreviated titles:

                            (Golding, Flies 196)

            3.  If there are multiple authors write down the name of the first author and use the phrase "et al" to replace the others:

                              (Smith et al 312)

      4. If there is no author, give the title of the work and the page number:

                        ("Mandarin" 34)

The writer should give the minimum information needed to identify the source from the Bibliography or list of Works Cited, and to find the appropriate page within the reference.

EXAMPLES OF DOCUMENTATION:

Note that the end punctuation follows the parenthetical reference when it refers to something within the text of your essay. The punctuation of quotations of more than four lines, i.e. offset from the text of your essay, precedes the parenthetical reference.

Author's Name in Text

a) Moulton has argued this point before (185-194).

b) As Bevington states, "Hamlet dies not as a bloodied avenger, but as one who has affirmed the tragic dignity of man" (1073).

Author's Name in Reference

a) This point has been argued before (Moulton 183-194).

b) There is little doubt that "Hamlet dies not as a bloodied avenger but as one who has affirmed the tragic dignity of man" (Bevington 1073).

Quotations Set Off From the Text

Despite the fact that Fortinbras appears in a more positive light than Hamlet as a man of action,

 [he] can . . . never be anything more than an Adelphi hero, because his        bellicose instincts and imperial ambitions are comfortably vulgar.... Both the Adelphi hero and the tragic hero have fundamentally the same heroic qualification - fearless pursuit of their own ends. (Wilson 81)